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Battery Bank Sizing Calculator

Work out the battery capacity you need from your daily energy use, how many days you want to ride out, and your battery chemistry.

usable-depth method · 12 / 24 / 48 V · free · no account

Your usage

Bank you need

Capacity (Ah @ system V)
Nominal energy
kWh
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Capacity is the start. The designer turns it into a real bank — series/parallel layout, charge and discharge limits, the matching inverter, solar and every cable — sized to standard.

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How battery bank sizing works

Start from the energy you use in a day, multiply by the days of autonomy you want without charging, then divide by the usable depth of discharge for your chemistry — because you can't safely use 100% of a battery. LiFePO4 gives about 80% usable; lead-acid (AGM/gel/flooded) about 50%, so it needs roughly a 60% bigger nameplate for the same usable energy.

Dividing the nominal energy by the system voltage gives amp-hours. Higher system voltages need fewer amp-hours for the same energy, which is why bigger builds move to 24 V or 48 V.

Questions

How many days of autonomy should I plan for?

Typical off-grid builds plan 2–4 days to cover cloudy spells without charging. More days means a bigger, costlier bank — solar and a charger usually do the day-to-day topping up.

Why divide by depth of discharge?

You can only use part of a battery without shortening its life. LiFePO4 is ~80% usable; lead-acid ~50%. The nameplate capacity has to be bigger than your usable need by that factor.

Should I go 12V, 24V or 48V?

Small builds stay 12 V; as energy grows, 24 V and 48 V cut the current (and the cable cost) for the same power. The designer recommends the voltage for your loads.

The standards behind the numbers

Wattonomy applies these standards in its calculations. It is not certified, sponsored or endorsed by ABYC, ISO, NFPA or Victron. Last reviewed June 2026 — see the methodology.

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Planning aid — not a substitute for a licensed electrician. Wattonomy sizes to ABYC E-11 / ISO 13297 / BS 7671 / AS/NZS 3008, but every install has factors a calculator can't see. Verify against the hardware datasheets and your local code, and have the work checked by a professional. Improper electrical work can cause fire, injury or death.